Names, identity, enabled status, award rates
The Badge API ties every listed badge to universe 10306366253 (Build a Keyboard by BAKGAME), reports each as enabled, and exposes the win-rate statistic used in the table. Badge IDs are kept in the table so the rows are checkable against the raw API.
Award rates are the closest thing this game has to published progression data — which is why the tier-list page uses them as its example of what verifiable game data looks like.